Misoprostol: What it is and why people use it

Misoprostol is a small medicine with a few very different uses. Doctors prescribe it to protect the stomach lining from ulcer-causing drugs, to help stop heavy bleeding after childbirth, and as part of medical abortion or labor induction. It’s sold under brand names like Cytotec, but you’ll also see generic misoprostol.

Common uses and typical dosing examples

Here are the main ways misoprostol is used. These are typical dosing examples you might read about, but always follow a doctor’s instructions.

- Stomach protection: People taking long-term NSAIDs (like ibuprofen) may get misoprostol 200 mcg two or four times a day to lower ulcer risk.

- Postpartum hemorrhage (to stop heavy bleeding after birth): WHO and many guidelines support 800 mcg given sublingually (under the tongue) in emergencies. Hospitals may use different routes or doses based on protocols.

- Medical abortion or miscarriage management: Misoprostol is often paired with mifepristone (200 mg oral, then misoprostol 800 mcg buccal/vaginal/sublingual). Misoprostol-only methods also exist, commonly using 800 mcg with repeats over a day. Exact regimens depend on timing and local medical guidance.

What to expect and safety tips

Side effects are usually short-lived. The most common are cramping, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, fever, and chills. When misoprostol is used for abortion, you should expect bleeding and strong cramps—this is part of how the medicine works.

Watch for warning signs: very heavy bleeding (soaking through a pad in an hour), fainting, very high fever for more than 24 hours, signs of infection, or an allergic reaction (rash, swelling, trouble breathing). If any of these happen, get medical help right away.

Misoprostol can cause uterine contractions. That’s why it must be used carefully in people who are pregnant for stomach ulcers—using it by accident can cause early labor or miscarriage. If you are pregnant, tell your provider before taking any new medicine.

Drug interactions are limited but possible. Tell your clinician about other medicines and health conditions. If you have heart disease, severe liver issues, or other major health problems, your provider will advise whether misoprostol is safe for you.

Buying and using: Only get misoprostol from licensed pharmacies or through a clinician. Avoid using it without medical advice—doses and routes matter. Laws and access vary by country, so follow local rules and get care when needed. If you’re using it at home for abortion or bleeding, have a plan for follow-up care and a local contact for urgent issues.

Want alternatives or more detail? Search our site for articles like "Alternatives to Cytotec" or pages on postpartum care and medical abortion protocols. If anything feels unclear, ask a healthcare professional—misoprostol works well when used correctly and with proper support.