Bupropion: What it does and what you should know

Known as Wellbutrin (for depression) and Zyban (for quitting smoking), bupropion works differently from most antidepressants. Instead of targeting serotonin, it mainly affects dopamine and norepinephrine. That makes it a go-to option when people want fewer sexual side effects or need an energy boost. Curious if it’s right for you? Read on for clear, practical facts.

How bupropion works and common uses

Doctors prescribe bupropion for major depressive disorder and seasonal affective disorder. It’s also approved to help people stop smoking. Off-label, clinicians may use it for ADHD, low energy on other antidepressants, or to counter sexual dysfunction caused by SSRIs. The typical forms are immediate-release, sustained-release (SR), and extended-release (XL), each affecting how often you take it.

Typical dosing patterns: SR is often 150 mg twice daily, XL is usually 150–300 mg once daily. For smoking cessation, doctors commonly start at 150 mg once daily for a few days then increase to 150 mg twice daily. Always follow your prescriber’s instructions—these are general ranges, not a personal prescription.

Safety, side effects, and interactions

Most people tolerate bupropion, but expect some common side effects: dry mouth, trouble sleeping, headache, nausea, sweating, and jitteriness. It can also reduce appetite and cause modest weight loss. Watch mental state changes—new or worsening anxiety, mood swings, or suicidal thoughts (especially in younger patients) require urgent contact with a provider.

There’s a known seizure risk, which rises with higher doses and in people with eating disorders, heavy alcohol use, head injury, or certain other medical conditions. Don’t combine bupropion with MAO inhibitors; you generally need a two-week gap. Also avoid drugs that significantly raise seizure risk or lower the seizure threshold. If you drink heavily or are withdrawing from alcohol or benzodiazepines, tell your doctor before starting.

Drug interactions matter. Tell your prescriber about all meds and supplements. If you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning pregnancy, discuss risks and benefits—your doctor will help weigh options.

Practical tips: take bupropion in the morning to cut insomnia chances; don’t crush or chew SR/XL tablets; if you miss a dose, skip it rather than double up. If you stop, follow a taper plan your doctor gives you. Expect improvement in mood or cravings in 2–6 weeks; energy and concentration sometimes improve earlier.

Want alternatives or ways to save? We have a detailed post on alternatives to Wellbutrin SR and a guide to finding deals on Wellbutrin. If something feels off while you’re taking bupropion, call your prescriber—small issues can get fixed fast with the right tweak.