Acid Reflux (GERD) — What Causes It and How to Feel Better

Acid reflux happens when stomach acid moves back up into your esophagus. That burning feeling in the chest, sour taste in the mouth, or frequent burping? That’s reflux. A lot of people get occasional reflux after a big meal. When it happens often, doctors call it GERD — gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Knowing the cause makes it easier to manage. Common triggers are big portions, fatty or spicy foods, chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, and smoking. Pregnancy, obesity, and a hiatal hernia can make reflux worse. Certain meds — like some blood pressure drugs, pain meds, and sedatives — also relax the valve between the stomach and esophagus and let acid escape.

Quick relief and over-the-counter help

If you need fast relief, chewable antacids (Tums, Maalox) neutralize acid and work within minutes. For longer control, H2 blockers like famotidine reduce acid production for several hours. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole and pantoprazole block acid more strongly and are good for frequent symptoms. Avoid ranitidine — it’s no longer recommended; see our article on alternatives for more details.

Use OTC meds as directed. Antacids are fine for occasional heartburn. If you take PPIs for weeks, check with a doctor about the right dose and the need to step down slowly.

Daily habits that actually help

Small changes often make a big difference. Eat smaller meals and avoid lying down for two to three hours after eating. Raise the head of your bed by 6–8 inches if night reflux wakes you. Cut back on trigger foods and drinks: skip late-night pizza, reduce coffee, and limit alcohol. Wear loose clothing around your waist and aim for a healthy weight — losing even 10 pounds can reduce symptoms for many people.

Quit smoking. Smoking weakens the muscle that keeps stomach contents out of the esophagus. If you take medicines that might worsen reflux, ask your pharmacist if alternatives exist.

A note on long-term acid suppression: PPIs help a lot, but long use can affect absorption of magnesium, calcium, and vitamin B12 and may raise fracture risk. Don’t stop or start long-term treatment without talking to your provider.

Watch for red flags. See a doctor right away if you have trouble swallowing, unexplained weight loss, persistent vomiting, black or bloody stools, or severe chest pain. Those signs need prompt evaluation.

If your reflux is mild, try the lifestyle changes first and use antacids as needed. If symptoms come back often or disturb sleep, get medical advice. Our site has guides on medication choices, alternatives to older drugs, and practical tips to cut symptoms. You can also contact a pharmacist for quick, practical advice on OTC options and interactions.